Description

Zoletil 50 Injection

Note: In case of misuse or complications during the use of Zoletil -The Veterinary Medicine (theveterinarymedicine.com) will not be responsible.

Brandname: Zoletil 50 Injection

Manufactured by: Virbac

Dosage form: Injection

Presentation:

One vial of 5 ml solvent & Freeze dried powder for injection &

Tiletamine (as hydrochloride) 125 mg + Zolazepam (as hydrochloride) 125 mg

Freeze dried powder for injection

Ingredients & Composition:

One ml of reconstituted Zoletil solution contains

Tiletamine (as hydrochloride) 25 mg

Zolazepam (as hydrochloride) 25 mg

Description:

Zoletil 50 (zolazepam+tiletamine) is a smart option for general anaesthesia in dogs and cats. It is safe and effective, flexible and ready to use synergistic combination. Good myorelaxation and analgesia, ideal for short to medium duration procedures. Zoletil provides gentle and smooth recovery. It is a sole anaesthetic, sedative, induction agent prior to inhalant anaesthesia. It has no dependence on equipment.

Tiletamine

Dissociative anaesthetic providing excellent somatic analgesia for routine surgery. Higher potency and duration of action compared to ketamine (the least potent of dissociative anaesthetics).

Zolazepam

Benzodiazepine tranquilizer known for profound muscle relaxation, amnesia, anti-convulsant and additional anxiolytic action. Least likely amongst benzodiazepenes, to  cause CNS depression.

Category: Anaesthetics (Dissociative+Benzodiazepine)

Indication / Uses:

• Induction (induction of anesthesia)
• Sedation
• Chemical restrain
• General examination (CT/Radiography/MRIs)
• Minor Surgeries (Castration, Ovariohysterectomy, dental cleaning, draining abscess and haematomas etc.)
• Major Surgeries (orthopaedic, mastectomy, dental extraction etc.)

Dosage and administration:

Multiple modes of administration: IM or IV

Effective – Rapid onset of action < 1 min IV / 3-6 min IM

Flexible, dose – dependent effect: 20-60 mins duration

Smooth recoveries are associated with avoidance of multiple administrations during surgery and providing a peaceful environment (avoidance of noise & light) during recovery.

Dog:

Procedure	IM	IV	Approximate Duration	Remarks
Examination General examination, chemical restraint, which can include radiographs or MRI	7-10 mg/kg BW	5 mg/kg BW	10 – 20 mins	Allows a good quality sedation for painless procedures
Minor Surgery Castration, ovariectomy, ovariohysterectomy, draining abscesses or haematomas, dental cleaning	10-15 mg/kg BW	7.5 mg/kg BW	20 – 40 mins	Light surgical anaesthesia, Premedication recommended with atropine, 15 minutes before administration to reduce salivation
Major Surgery Orthopaedic surgeries, mastectomy, dental extraction	15-25 mg/kg BW	10 mg/kg BW	35 – 60 mins	If a supplementary dose of zoletil is required, this should not exceed the initial dose (1/3 – 1/2 of the initial dose). The total dose injected (initial and supplementary) should not exceed the maximum recommended dose of 26.4 mg/kg BW in dogs. Premedication recommended with atropine 15 minutes before administration to reduce salivation. For this type of surgery pain management should be considered in addition to the zoletil based protocol.
Induction		2 – 4 mg/kg BW IV	10 – 20 mins	Induction agent prior to inhalant anaesthesia

 

Cat:

Procedure	IM	IV	Approximate Duration	Remarks
Examination General examination, which can include radiographs or MRIs, dental cleaning	10 mg/kg BW	5 mg/kg BW	20 – 40 mins	Light surgical anaesthesia, Premedication recommended with atropine, 15 minutes before administration to reduce salivation
Surgery Castration, ovariectomy, ovariohysterectomy, wounds, dental extraction	15 mg/kg BW	7.5 mg/kg BW	35 – 60 mins	If a supplementary dose of zoletil is necessary, this should not exceed the initial dose (1/3 – 1/2 of the initial dose). The total dose injected (initial and supplementary) should not exceed the maximum tolerated dose of 26.4 mg/kg BW in cats. Premedication recommended with atropine 15 minutes before administration to reduce salivation. For this type of surgery pain management should be considered in addition to the zoletil based protocol.
Induction		2.5 – 3 mg/kg BW SC	15 mins	Induction agent prior to inhalant or Injectable anaesthesia

Presence of reflexes is not an indication that the anaesthesia is inadequate. The best way to evaluate the extent of Zoletil anaesthetic effect is to monitor the patient for deliberate conscious response to nociceptive stimuli.

Side effects / Overdosage / Contraindications / Interactions:

Limted Side Effects:

Less cardio-respiratory depression,

No epileptic effect,

Transient decrease in body temperature,

Laryngeal, palpebral & pharyngeal reflexes are maintained.

Clinical impact with Zoletil administration

Consciuos state and sensory perceptions	Less dose related
Ataxia	Present
Response to nociceptive stimuli	Lack of response if anaesthesia is adequate
Response to external stimuli	Lack of response
Eyes	Open with dilated pupil
Corneal and palpebral reflex	Remains intact, animal can blink its eyelids
Cranial nerve and spinal reflexes	Remain grossly normal and must not be confused with inadequate anaesthesia
Swallowing, eructation and vomiting reflexes	Persists
Respiratory rate	In dogs respiratory rate increases. In cats respiratory rate generally decrease.
Heart rate	Increased heart rate due to cardiovascular stimulation. In cats, no significant change in heart rate.
Myoclonic or clonic convulsions	Associated with overdose
Excessive salivation	Yes, but can be controlled by use of anti-cholinergics

Contraindications

In animals with

• Severe cardiac or respiratory disease, severe hypertension; cranial trauma and intracranial tumor
• Renal, pancreatic and hepatic functions impairment
• For caesarean section and in pregnant animals

Special precautions

Zoletil is not advised after premedication/pre-anaesthesia with phenothiazines because of the heart depressing and vasodilatative effects.

Do not use medications containing chloramphanicol during the pre or intraoperative period.

Adverse reactions

Pain at injection site (cats)

Due to anaesthesia

• Neurological signs (prostration, convulsions)
• Cardio-respiratory signs (dyspnoea, tachypnoea, tachycardia)
• Systemic signs (hypo/hyperthermia, hypersalivation, vocalisation)
• Reversible (disappear once the actives are eliminated)

Overdose

• Signs: cardio-respiratory depression (from 20 mg/kg), CNS depression
• Early signs of over dosage – Loss of cranial and spinal reflexes

Antidotes

• Doxapram: Has antagonistic activity against the tiletamine – zolazepam, increasing both heart and respiratory rates and reducing the arousal time (5.5 mg/kg IV).
• Atipamezole (antagonist only if protocol contains α-2 agonists) 0.05 mg/kg IM (Kim HU 2007). Atipamezole should be administered intramuscularly 20 minutes after anaesthesia induction.
• Flumazenil: Antagonist of zolazepam only (Won, 2010)
• Competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist – reverses the sedative and muscle relaxant effects of zolazepam – 0.1 mg/kg at least 20 min after Zoletil at 10 mg/kg IV

Pharmaceutical precautions / Instructions: 

Storage

Prior to opening

Protect from exposure to light

Post re-constitution

24 hours between 2 – 8 °C

Strictly for use in animals.

Safety: age / Pregnancy/ Withdrawal

Safe – wide margin of safety and wide therapeutic window. Ideal for dogs, cats & wildlife animals (especially difficult to manage animals).

Due to a species related difference in metabolic rate

Cats –

Faster tiletamine elimination VS zolazepam,

A longer recovery time, better quality recovery comparatively.

Dogs

Faster zolazepam elimination V/S tiletamine

Shorter duration of tranquilization than there is of anaesthesia.

Safety regarding use in young animals, lactating and pregnant female animals has not been mentioned by the manufacturer.

Habit forming: No

Substitute: Zoletil 100

Also See Anisketin/ Nimatek Injection (Ketamine Hydrochloride),

Click here to download Zoletil Wildlife doses (Brochure)